They are harmless and known for their probiotic activity.They occupy the oral cavity and the upper respiratory tract in babies soon after birth. Streptococcus salivarius is a friendly gram-positive bacterium.The bacterium can also cause eye infection (conjunctivitis), throat infection (pharyngitis), proctitis (inflammation of the anus) prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate), and urinary tract infection such as urethritis.These coffee bean-shaped diplococci spread from one person to another through sexual contact.These gram-negative bacteria occur in pairs (diplococci) and are the cause of gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted infection.The bacteria can also cause biofilm formation in indwelling implants such as catheters, which can lead to infections.However, people with an impaired immune system have chances of developing infection from the bacteria.Staphylococcus epidermidis, a gram-positive bacterium is one of the many species of the genus Staphylococcus that usually reside on the skin without causing any hurt to their host.The bacterium is also capable of generating 7 different toxins that have often been associated with food poisoning.People with severe atopic dermatitis, poorly controlled diabetes and those suffering from malnutrition and alcoholism are at a greater risk of getting this bacterial infection.The bacterium can trigger skin infections such as boils and abscess, and respiratory problems such as sinusitis.About 15 to 40% of healthy individuals have these gram-positive bacteria on the skin and in the mucous membrane lining of the respiratory tract without showing any symptom of the infection.The bacteria can also cause other serious infections including meningitis, sepsis, peritonitis, and endocarditis.Middle ear infections such as otitis media and common eye problems that include conjunctivitis also occur due to infection by these bacteria.Other respiratory problems that can be attributed to these bacteria include sinusitis, bronchitis, and rhinitis.This bacterium has been identified as the primary cause of pneumonia, a lung infection that causes breathing problems and a productive cough. The period of incubation of these bacteria varies from 1 to 3 days.It can also cause localized skin infections such as impetigo that manifests in the form of blisters and sores that usually appear on the neck, face, and hands.This gram-positive bacterium is responsible for causing strep throat, a painful throat infection that makes it difficult to swallow food and is often marked by fever and headache.Disease-causing Cocci Streptococcus Pyogenes The replication causes enlargement of the parent cell, which eventually separates into two daughter cells (cocci), each containing the same DNA as that of the parent cell. Reproduction in cocci occurs through a process referred to as binary fission in which the DNA of the parent cell is replicated into two. This article discusses cocci in greater detail, with the help of some important facts about them, pertaining to their structure, organization, and reproduction, and also gives you examples of harmful and useful bacteria. While some cocci cause diseases in humans and animals, some are useful. the numbers and patterns in which they occur. Cocci are further classified on the basis of their aggregations i.e. This classification, as you know, is based on their shape. Cocci are one of the two basic bacterial forms, the other being bacillus. The word coccus derives itself from the Greek word for berry. Unlike bacilli that have a large diameter, cocci are among the smallest and show several distinct arrangements. When viewed under the microscope, a single bacterium has different shapes varying from rod (bacilli) to spherical (cocci). They are believed to be among the first living beings to appear on Earth.Īlthough all bacteria seem to be identical, that is definitely not the case. Bacteria have a simple cellular structure, as they do not have a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria.
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